Ilothe emanzini okusela ibeka impilo esengozini enkulu, ingakumbi ebantwaneni. Idatha yezempilo yoluntu yase-UK idibanisa ukuvezwa kwelothe kwiingxaki zophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.Izixhobo zeValveezenziwe ngezinto ezingenalo ilothe zinceda ekuthinteleni ungcoliseko. Iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zikhusela uluntu olusengozini kwimiphumo eyingozi.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Izixhobo zevalvu ezingenalo ilothe eziqinisekisiweyo, ezifana nezo zivunyiweyo yi-WRAS, ziqinisekisa amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ngokuthintela ungcoliseko lwelothe kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo yase-UK.
- Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezifana ne-DZR brass, intsimbi engagqwaliyo, okanye iiplastiki eziqinisekisiweyo kuphucula ukuqina kweevalvu kwaye kukhusela umgangatho wamanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zeevalvu kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kunye nokugqwala, kwandisa ubomi benkqubo kunye nokukhusela impilo yoluntu.
Isiqinisekiso kunye noKhuseleko lweZilinganisi zeValve
Imvume ye-WRAS kunye neMimiselo yamanzi okusela e-UK
Ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS kumela njengophawu lokhuseleko kunye nokuthobela iinkqubo zamanzi okusela e-UK. I-Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokufaka iivalvu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhusela impilo yoluntu. Izixhobo kufuneka zingabi natyhefu kwaye zikhuseleke kumanzi okusela, zithintele ungcoliseko kuyo yonke inqanaba. Abavelisi bayila iivalvu ukuze zixhathise ukugqwala kunye nokonakala, ziqinisekise ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Ukuthobela iMithetho yoNikezelo lwaManzi e-UK (izixhobo zokufaka amanzi) kuhlala kunyanzelekile kuzo zonke izinto ezifakelwayo.
Izixhobo zevalvu ezivunyiweyo yi-WRAS kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili ezininzi:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo nezingenatyhefu ezifanelekileyo emanzini okusela
- Ukufaneleka koomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala
- Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo obuhambelana neemfuno zemibhobho kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu oluhambelana neemfuno zenkqubo
- Iindidi zoqhagamshelo ezihambelanayo, ezifana ne-BSP threaded okanye i-compression fittings
- Amaxwebhu aqinisekisiweyo esiqinisekiso se-WRAS ngaphambi kokufakwa
Izixhobo zeevalvu ezihlangabezana nale migangatho zinceda ekugcineni umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Uyilo kunye nezixhobo akufuneki zisebenze ngamanzi okanye zikhuphe izinto eziyingozi. Isiqinisekiso se-WRAS siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayizukubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwamanzi okanye ukuthembeka kwawo.
Imigangatho yeHlabathi yeZilinganisi zeeValve
Izixhobo zevalvu ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yesizwe neyehlabathi. Iziqinisekiso ezininzi ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka:
- IKiwa Water Mark (eNetherlands): Isiqinisekiso semveliso ezidibana namanzi okusela
- I-NSF (eMntla Melika): Isiqinisekiso semibhobho nezixhobo ezidibana namanzi okusela
- I-WRAS (eGreat Britain): Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela imithetho yamanzi yase-UK
- I-DVGW-W270 (eJamani): Isiqinisekiso esiquka uvavanyo lokukhula kweebhaktheriya
- I-ACS (eFransi): Imvume enyanzelekileyo yezinto ezidibana namanzi okusela
- I-WaterMark (e-Australia naseNew Zealand): Isiqinisekiso esinyanzelekileyo semveliso yemibhobho kunye nemibhobho yamanzi
| Inombolo Eqhelekileyo | Inkcazo | Ububanzi |
|---|---|---|
| I-ISO 1452-4: 2009 | Iinkqubo zeplastiki zokuhambisa amanzi — PVC-U — Icandelo 4: Iivalvu | Igubungela iivalvu zePVC ezingenaplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi |
| I-ISO 1452-5: 2009 | Iinkqubo zeplastiki zokuhambisa amanzi — PVC-U — Icandelo 5: Ukufaneleka kwenjongo | Iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ifanelekile ngokwenjongo kuquka neevalvu |
| I-ISO 2531:1998 kunye no-2009 | Iipayipi zentsimbi ezifakwe emanzini, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye neendawo zokufaka amanzi | Icacisa iimfuno zeevalvu zesinyithi ezithambileyo kunye nezixhobo |
| I-ISO 11177:2016 kunye no-2019 | Ii-enamel ze-Vitreous kunye ne-porcelain — Iivalvu ezine-enamel kunye nezixhobo zamanzi okusela | Iimfuno zomgangatho kunye novavanyo lweevalvu ze-enameled ekunikezelweni kwamanzi |
Iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-ISO, ASTM, ANSI/ASME, DIN, JIS, API, NSF, kunye ne-DVGW zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno. Le migangatho ijongana nobukhulu, izixhobo, uvavanyo, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko. Iziqinisekiso ezithile zase-UK, kuquka iMigangatho yaseBritane (BS) kunye ne-BSI Kitemark, zigxila kwimigaqo yesizwe kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. I-BSI Kitemark iyaqatshelwa e-UK nakwamanye amazwe, ixhasa isiqinisekiso sophawu lwe-CE lwaseYurophu. Imigangatho yase-UK idla ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yaseYurophu neye-ISO kodwa igcina iimfuno ezizodwa zokufakelwa okuthile. Ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS kugxininisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yobonelelo lwamanzi yase-UK, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe neyesizwe.
Ithetha ukuthini iSatifikethi kwiMpilo kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho?
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo zokufaka iivalvu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthobeleni umthetho kunye nokukhuselwa kwempilo yoluntu. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-WRAS kuqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu azingcolisi amanzi okusela okanye zibangele inkunkuma, okuhambelana nemigaqo yokubonelela ngamanzi e-UK. Ababoneleli ngamanzi baxhomekeke kwiimveliso ezivunyiweyo yi-WRAS ukuze baphephe iziphumo zomthetho, ezifana nezohlwayo okanye ukutshutshiswa. Iivalvu ezingavunywanga zinokukhokelela ekungcoleni, ukusilela kokusebenza, kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho.
| Umbono | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Imfuneko Yomthetho | Izixhobo zokufaka amanzi kufuneka zithobele iMithetho yeZixhobo zamanzi ukuthintela ungcoliseko, inkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamanzi eNgilani naseWales. |
| Indima yeSatifikethi | Isatifikethi se-WRAS siqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zevalvu ziyahlangabezana nale migangatho isemthethweni kwaye zifanelekile ukufakwa. |
| Ukunyanzeliswa | Abathengisi bamanzi base-UK, njenge-United Utilities, banoxanduva olusemthethweni lokunyanzelisa le mithetho ngokuhlola ukufakelwa kwemibhobho kunye nokukhupha izaziso zokungathobeli imithetho. |
| Iziphumo zokungathobeli imithetho | Ukwaphula imithetho lulwaphulo-mthetho olunokukhokelela ekutshutshisweni, kuthathwe amanyathelo okunyanzelisa kuquka ukucinywa kobonelelo lwamanzi, kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho. |
| Inkxaso yokuthobela imithetho | Isiqinisekiso sinceda ababoneleli ngamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yezinto ezifakelwayo, oku kwenza kube lula ukuhlolwa kunye nezenzo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempilo yoluntu. |
I-WRAS liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo elenziwe ngababoneleli bamanzi base-UK. Bakhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kweMithetho yoNikezelo lwaManzi (iiFittings zaManzi). Ukusebenzisa ii-valve fittings ezivunyiweyo yi-WRAS yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nokuphepha iingozi zomthetho.
Izixhobo zokufaka iivalvu eziqinisekisiweyo zinceda ababoneleli ngamanzi ukuba bagcine ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. Isiqinisekiso sixhasa ukuhlolwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa, siqinisekisa ukuba kuphela ziimveliso ezithobelayo ezingena kwimarike. Le nkqubo ikhusela impilo yoluntu kwaye igcina ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamanzi okusela e-UK.
Ukukhetha izixhobo zeValve ezingenalo iLead, ezingenalo iZero-Leak
Ukubaluleka kwezixhobo ezingenalo ilothe kwizixhobo zevalvu
Izinto ezingenalo ilothe zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni impilo yoluntu. Imithetho yase-UK, kuquka neMithetho yoNikezelo lwaManzi (iZilinganisi zaManzi) ka-1999, ibeka imigangatho engqongqo yezinto ezidibana namanzi okusela. Abavelisi bayila izixhobo zevalvu besebenzisa i-alloys ezifana ne-dezincification-resistant (DZR) brass, ethintela umxholo welothe ukuba ungadluli kwi-0.25% ngobunzima kwiindawo ezimanzi. Le ndlela ihambelana nemiyalelo yase-UK kunye neyaseYurophu, iqinisekisa ukuba amanzi okusela ahlala engenazo izinto ezingcolisayo eziyingozi. I-DZR brass inika ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza kube lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela. Intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye neplastiki eziphambili zibonelela ngezinye iindlela ezingenalo ilothe, ezixhasa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide.
Icebiso: Soloko uqinisekisa ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS xa ukhetha izixhobo zevalvu. Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo nokhuseleko yase-UK yomxholo welothe kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezingenalo ilothe ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zevalvu yamanzi okusela e-UK:
- I-Dezincification-resistant (DZR) ubhedu
- Intsimbi engenasici (amanqaku angama-304 kunye nama-316)
- Iiplastiki ezidityanisiweyo (ezifana nePVC, iPTFE, kunye nepolyurethane)
Iintlobo zeValve Fittings zeNkqubo zamanzi okusela
Izixhobo zokufaka iivalvu zisebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela e-UK. Ukukhetha kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni, ulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi olufunekayo, kunye nokuhambelana nezixhobo zenkqubo. Izixhobo zokufaka iipayipi kufuneka zihambelane nobubanzi bepayipi ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokugcina ukuhamba kwamanzi kulungeleleneyo. Ukuhambelana kwezinto kuhlala kubalulekile, njengoko kuchaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina.
| Uhlobo lweValve | Inkcazo kunye nesicelo |
|---|---|
| Iivalvu zeBhola | I-Spherical disc ilawula ukuhamba kwayo; ihlala ixesha elide kwaye itywinwa kakuhle; ilungele iimfuno zokuvala ngokuqinileyo. |
| Jonga iiValvu | Thintela ukubuya kwamanzi; qinisekisa ukuhamba kwento nganye kwicala elinye; kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ungcoliseko; zisebenze ngokuzenzekelayo. |
| Iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo | Yehlisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungenayo luye kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo; khusela imibhobho ekonakaleni nasekuvutheni; gcina inkqubo isebenza kakuhle. |
| Iivalvu zeSango | Isetyenziselwa ukunqanda ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamanzi; ifanelekile ukulungiswa okanye ukuvalwa ngexesha likaxakeka; itywinwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye ikhuselekile. |
| Iivalvu zebhabhathane | Lawula ukuhamba kwemoto ngediski ejikelezayo; ilula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu; isetyenziswa kwiipayipi ezinkulu; ivala ngokukhawuleza. |
| Iivalvu zeSolenoid | Ilawulwa ngombane; isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokuchanekileyo; ixhaphakile kwiindawo zorhwebo/kwimizi-mveliso. |
Imizimba yeevalvu ingasebenzisa ithusi elingenalo ilothe, intsimbi engagqwaliyo, okanye iiplastiki ezidityanisiweyo. Iiseal zihlala zine-NBR (Nitrile Buna Rubber) kwiilwelo ezingathathi cala okanye i-EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Izinto eziqinisekisiweyo ezifana nePVC kunye ne-polyurethane ziyacetyiswa kwiipayipi kunye nee-couplings, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto kunye nokuqina kwazo
Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zevalvu. I-Brass kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo zibonelela ngamandla aphezulu oomatshini, kodwa ukhetho olungafanelekanga lunokubangela iingxaki zokubola. I-brass engatshiyo imelana nokubola kwaye igcina amandla, ngelixa intsimbi engatyiwayo inika ukumelana okuhle ngaphandle kweendawo ezine-chloride ephezulu, apho kunokubakho khona imingxuma. Iiplastiki ezifana ne-PTFE zibonelela ngokuchasene neekhemikhali okubalaseleyo kwaye zithintela ukubola.
Izixhobo zeevalvu zivavanywa ngokungqongqo phantsi kwesatifikethi se-WRAS, kubandakanya uvavanyo lweemvakalelo, uvavanyo lokukhula kweentsholongwane, kunye nohlalutyo lokukhupha isinyithi. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani, ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azichaphazeli kakubi umgangatho wamanzi okanye ukuqina kwenkqubo. Amaqabane e-OEM axhasa abavelisi abanobuchule bobuchwephesha, benceda ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso kulo lonke ixesha lobomi.
Qaphela: Uyilo oluhlanganisiweyo oludibanisa iintsimbi kunye neeplastiki luphucula ukuqina nokusebenza. Soloko ucinga ngekhemikhali yamanzi kunye neemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo xa ukhetha izinto.
Ukufakwa, Ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthintela ukugqwala
Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo zeevalvu kwaye kuthintela ukugqwala. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunceda ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala zokuguguleka, ukugqwala, okanye ukuqhekeka. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokutshintsha kombala kunye nokuvuza okujikeleze izitywina kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Iindlela zokucoca ziquka ukuxubha ngoomatshini, iikhemikhali ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nokuhlamba ngamanzi okanye izinyibilikisi.
Abaqhubi basebenzisa izigqubuthelo zokukhusela ukukhusela iivalvu kwimozulu embi. Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo olufana nokulawula ukufuma kunye nokuthintela ubushushu kunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wokubola. Ukusetyenziswa kwezithinteli zokubola—i-anodic, i-cathodic, ixutyiweyo, okanye i-volatile—kukhusela iivalvu ngexesha lokugcina nokusebenza. Unyango lomphezulu olufana ne-epoxy, i-PTFE, i-polyamide, kunye neengubo ze-polyurethane zonyusa ukumelana nokubola.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kokugqwala, ukuguguleka, kunye nokuvuza
- Ukucoca nokucoca ukuze kususwe iidiphozithi
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezigqubuthelo zokukhusela kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezithinteli zokugqwala kunye neengubo zomphezulu
Umngcipheko wokugqwala uyanda xa amanzi ephuma kancinci, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto eziqinileyo zihlale kwaye zenze imingxunya. Amanqanaba aphezulu okuhamba kwamanzi anokubangela ukukhukuliseka kunye nokuqhekeka kwamanzi. Ii-linings ze-ceramic kunye neengubo ze-polyurethane ziphucula ukumelana nezi ziphumo. Ukugcinwa kokuthintela kunye nokujonga imeko kuhlala kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ubomi bevalvu kunye neepompo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela.
Izixhobo zeevalvu eziqinisekisiweyo, ezingenalo ilothe, nezingenalo ukuvuza zikhusela impilo yoluntu, zixhasa ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kwaye zibonelela ngexabiso lexesha elide.
| Inzuzo | Impembelelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Uvavanyo olubanzi luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nokonga amanzi. |
| Ukhuseleko lwaManzi | Izinto ezingenabungozi nezimelana nokugqwala zithintela iingozi zongcoliseko. |
| Ukuzithemba kwabathengi | Isiqinisekiso sakha ukuthembana kubaboneleli bamanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. |
FAQ
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS kwizixhobo zevalvu?
Ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zeevalvu ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamanzi e-UK. Zisebenzisa izinto ezingenabungozi kwaye zivavanyelwa nzima. Ababoneleli ngamanzi bayawathemba amasimi aqinisekisiweyo yi-WRAS ukuze ahambelane nemithetho.
Icebiso: Soloko ujonga isiqinisekiso se-WRAS phambi kokuba ufake.
Zeziphi izinto eziqinisekisa ukuba ii-valve fittings azinalo ilothe?
Abavelisi basebenzisa i-DZR brass, intsimbi engagqwaliyo, kunye neeplastiki eziqinisekisiweyo. Ezi zinto ziyamelana nokugqwala kwaye azikhuphi izinto eziyingozi. Zixhasa ukhuseleko lwamanzi ixesha elide.
- ubhedu lwe-DZR
- Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
- Iiplastiki zePVC kunye nePTFE
Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlole kangaphi izixhobo zeevalvu?
Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlole izixhobo zeevalvu rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunceda ekufumaneni ukuvuza, ukugqwala, kunye nokuguguleka. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kuthintela ungcoliseko kwaye kwandisa ubomi benkqubo.
| Uvavanyo oluQhelekileyo | Isenzo Esicetyiswayo |
|---|---|
| Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 | Ukujonga ngokubonakalayo ukuvuza kwamanzi |
| Ngonyaka | Ukucoca nokusebenza kovavanyo |
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-13-2025