Ilothe emanzini okusela ibeka imingcipheko enkulu yempilo, ingakumbi ebantwaneni. Idatha yezempilo yoluntu yase-UK ikhonkco elikhokelela ekuvezweni kukusilela kwe-neurodevelopmental kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha.Ufakelo lwevalvuezenziwe ngezinto ezingenalothe zinceda ukuthintela ukosuleleka. Iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi akhuselekileyo kwaye zikhusela abantu abasengozini kwimiphumo eyingozi.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
- Izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zevalve ezingenalo i-lead-free, ezifana nezo zinemvume ye-WRAS, ziqinisekisa amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo ngokuthintela ungcoliseko lwelothe kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo yase-UK.
- Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ezifana nobhedu lwe-DZR, insimbi engenasici, okanye iiplastiki eziqinisekisiweyo ziphucula ukuqina kwevalve kwaye ikhusela umgangatho wamanzi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezifakelo zevalvu kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kunye nomhlwa, ukwandisa ubomi benkqubo kunye nokukhusela impilo yoluntu.
Isiqinisekiso kunye noKhuseleko lweZifakelo zeValve
Imvume ye-WRAS kunye neMimiselo yaManzi okusela e-UK
Imvume ye-WRAS ime njengophawu lokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kweenkqubo zamanzi okusela zase-UK. INkqubo yeeNgcebiso zeMimiselo yaManzi (i-WRAS) iqinisekisa ukuba izifakelo zevalvu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhusela impilo yoluntu. Izixhobo kufuneka zingabi yityhefu kwaye zikhuseleke kumanzi okusela, zithintele ukosuleleka kwinqanaba ngalinye. Abavelisi bayila iivalvu ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuthotywa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo yoBonelelo lwaManzi e-UK (uFakelo lwaManzi) luhlala lusisinyanzelo kulo lonke ufakelo.
Ufakelo lwevalvu evunyiweyo ye-WRAS kufuneka luhlangabezane neendlela ezininzi eziphambili:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo, ezingenatyhefu ezifanelekileyo kumanzi okusela
- Ukufaneleka komatshini kunye nokuchasana nokubola
- Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokuhambelana nombhobho kunye neemfuno zokuqukuqela
- Uxinzelelo kunye neqondo lokushisa elihambelana neemfuno zenkqubo
- Iindidi zoqhagamshelo ezihambelanayo, ezifana ne-BSP ephothiweyo okanye izifakelo zoxinzelelo
- Amaxwebhu esatifikethi se-WRAS aqinisekisiweyo phambi kofakelo
Ufakelo lwevalvu oluhlangabezana nale migangatho lunceda ukugcina umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Uyilo kunye nemathiriyeli akufuneki iphendule ngamanzi okanye ivuze izinto ezinobungozi. Isiqinisekiso se-WRAS sibonelela ngengqiniseko yokuba imveliso ayizukubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwamanzi okanye ukuthembeka.
ImiGangatho yeHlabathi yoFakelo lweValve
Ufakelo lwevalvu olusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela kufuneka kaninzi luhambelane nemigangatho yelizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe. Izatifikethi ezininzi ezamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka:
- I-Kiwa Water Mark (eNetherlands): Isiqinisekiso seemveliso ezidibana namanzi okusela
- I-NSF (kuMntla Melika): Isiqinisekiso semibhobho yamanzi kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelana namanzi okusela
- I-WRAS (eGreat Britain): Isiqinisekiso sokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yamanzi yase-UK
- DVGW-W270 (eJamani): Isiqinisekiso kuquka novavanyo lokukhula kwebhaktiriya
- I-ACS (eFransi): Imvume enyanzelekileyo yezinto ezidibana namanzi okusela
- I-WaterMark (i-Australia kunye ne-New Zealand): Isiqinisekiso esisinyanzelo se-plumbing kunye nemveliso yokuhambisa amanzi
| Inani elisemgangathweni | Inkcazo | Ububanzi |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 1452-4: 2009 | Iinkqubo zeplastiki zemibhobho yokubonelela ngamanzi - i-PVC-U - Icandelo le-4: Iivavu | Igquma iivalvu zePVC ezingenaplastiki ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi |
| ISO 1452-5:2009 | Iinkqubo zeplastiki zemibhobho yokubonelela ngamanzi - i-PVC-U - Icandelo le-5: Ukufaneleka ngenjongo | Uqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwesixokelelwano ngokwenjongo kuquka iivalvu |
| ISO 2531:1998 & 2009 | Imibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo, izifakelo, izincedisi kunye namalungu osetyenziso lwamanzi | Ichaza iimfuno zeevalvu zentsimbi ye-ductile kunye nezixhobo |
| ISO 11177: 2016 & 2019 | I-Vitreous kunye ne-porcelain enamels - I-valve enamelled kunye nokufakelwa kwamanzi okusela | Iimfuno zomgangatho kunye novavanyo lweevalvu ze-enamelled kunikezelo lwamanzi |
Iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-ISO, ASTM, ANSI/ASME, DIN, JIS, API, NSF, kunye ne-DVGW zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno. Le migangatho ijongana nemilinganiselo, izixhobo, uvavanyo, ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Izitifiketi ezikhethekileyo zase-UK, ezibandakanya iMigangatho yaseBrithani (BS) kunye ne-BSI Kitemark, zijolise kwimimiselo yelizwe kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho. I-BSI Kitemark yamkelwa kokubini e-UK nakwamanye amazwe, ixhasa isiqinisekiso samanqaku e-CE yaseYurophu. Imigangatho yase-UK ihlala ihambelana nemigaqo yaseYurophu kunye ne-ISO kodwa igcina iimfuno ezizodwa zofakelo oluthile. Ukuvunywa kwe-WRAS kugxininisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokubonelela ngamanzi e-UK, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neyesizwe.
Sithetha ntoni iSiqinisekiso kwiMpilo kunye nokuThobela
Ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwa kweevalvu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthotyelweni komthetho kunye nokhuseleko lwempilo yoluntu. Isiqinisekiso se-WRAS siqinisekisa ukuba iivalve azingcolisi amanzi okusela okanye zibangele inkunkuma, zihambelana nemigaqo yokubonelela ngamanzi e-UK. Ababoneleli ngamanzi baxhomekeke kwiimveliso ezivunywe yi-WRAS ukuphepha iziphumo ezisemthethweni, ezifana nezohlwayo okanye ukutshutshiswa. Iivalvu ezingaqinisekisiweyo zingakhokelela ekungcolisekeni, ukusilela ekusebenzeni, kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho.
| Umba | Ingcaciso |
|---|---|
| Imfuneko yoMthetho | Ufakelo lwamanzi kufuneka luhambelane neMimiselo yokuFakelwa kwaManzi ukuthintela ukungcoliseka, inkunkuma, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamanzi eNgilani naseWales. |
| Indima yesiQinisekiso | Isiqinisekiso se-WRAS sibonelela ngengqinisekiso yokuba izifakelo zevalvu ziyahlangabezana nale migangatho yomthetho kwaye zikulungele ukufakwa. |
| Unyanzeliso | Ababoneleli bamanzi base-UK, njenge-United Utilities, banomsebenzi osemthethweni wokunyanzelisa le mimiselo ngokuhlola ukufakelwa kwemibhobho kunye nokukhupha izaziso zokungathobeli. |
| Iziphumo zokungathotyelwa | Ukwaphulwa kwemimiselo lityala lolwaphulo-mthetho elinokukhokelela ekutshutshisweni, ukunyanzeliswa kwezenzo ezibandakanya ukucinywa konikezelo lwamanzi, kunye nezohlwayo zomthetho. |
| Inkxaso yokuThobela | Uqinisekiso lunceda ababoneleli bamanzi baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwezixhobo, ukuququzelela uhlolo kunye namanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukukhusela impilo yoluntu. |
I-WRAS liqumrhu elivunyiweyo elenziwe ngababoneleli bamanzi base-UK. Bakhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo yoBonelelo lwaManzi (iZifakelo zaManzi). Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezivunyiweyo ze-WRAS yindlela ethembekileyo yokubonisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuphepha iingozi zomthetho.
Ukufakwa kwe-valve eqinisekisiweyo kunceda ababoneleli bamanzi bagcine ukhuseleko lwenkqubo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Isiqinisekiso sixhasa ukuhlolwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela iimveliso ezithobelayo ezingena kwimarike. Le nkqubo ikhusela impilo yoluntu kwaye igcina ingqibelelo yokunikezelwa kwamanzi okusela e-UK.
Ukukhetha iziFakelo zeValve ezingavuziyo, ezingavuziyo
Ukubaluleka kweMathiriyeli ezingaKhokheli kwiZifakelo zeValve
Imathiriyeli engenalothe idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni impilo yoluntu. Imimiselo yase-UK, kubandakanywa neMimiselo yoBonelelo lwaManzi (i-Water Fittings) 1999, ibeka imigangatho engqongqo yezinto ezidibana namanzi okusela. Abavelisi bayila izifakelo zevalvu besebenzisa ialloyi ezifana ne-dezincification-resistant (DZR) brass, ethi inqande isiqulatho selothe ukuba singabi ngaphezu kwe-0.25% ngobunzima kwimigangatho emanzi. Le ndlela ihambelana nemigaqo yomibini yase-UK kunye ne-European Union, iqinisekisa ukuba amanzi okusela ahlala engenazo izingcolisi eziyingozi. Ubhedu lwe-DZR lunikeza ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela. Insimbi engagqwali kunye neeplastiki eziphucukileyo zikwabonelela ngezinye iindlela ezikhokelayo, ezixhasa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokhuseleko lwexesha elide.
Ingcebiso: Soloko uqinisekisa ulwamkelo lwe-WRAS xa ukhetha izifakelo zevalvu. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo kunye nokhuseleko lwase-UK kumxholo okhokelayo kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezingaKhokeliyo ezisetyenziswa e-UK iziFakelo zeValve yaManzi okuSela:
- I-Dezincification-resistant (DZR) ubhedu
- Isinyithi esingenasici (amabakala 304 kunye nama-316)
- Iiplastiki ezihlanganisiweyo (ezifana nePVC, PTFE, kunye nepolyurethane)
Iindidi zokuFakelwa kweValve kwiiNkqubo zaManzi okuSela
Ufakelo lwevalvu lusebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweenkqubo zamanzi okusela e-UK. Ukukhethwa kuxhomekeke kwisicelo, ulawulo olufunekayo, kunye nokuhambelana namacandelo enkqubo. Izifakelo zemibhobho kufuneka zihambelane nobubanzi bombhobho ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokugcina ukuhamba kwamanzi okona kulungileyo. Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo kuhlala kubalulekile, njengoko kuchaphazela zombini ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina.
| Uhlobo lweValve | Inkcazo kunye neSicelo |
|---|---|
| Iivalvu zeBhola | I-Spherical disc controls flow; yomelele kwaye itywinwe ngokugqwesileyo; ilungele iimfuno ezivaliweyo zokuvala. |
| Jonga iiValves | Thintela ukubuyela umva; qinisekisa ukuhamba kwicala elinye; kubaluleke kakhulu kuthintelo losulelo; sebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. |
| Iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo | Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi angenayo kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo; khusela imibhobho kumonakalo kunye nokuvuza; gcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo. |
| Iivalvu zeSango | Isetyenziselwa ukumisa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamanzi; ilungele ukulungiswa okanye ukucinywa kwexesha likaxakeka; ukutywinwa okuqinileyo nokukhuselekileyo. |
| Iivalve zebhabhathane | Ukulawula ukuhamba ngediski ejikelezayo; ilula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu; isetyenziswe kwimibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu; ngokukhawuleza ukuvala-off. |
| Iivalve zeSolenoid | Ukulawulwa ngombane; isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zokulawula ukuhamba okuchanekileyo; ixhaphakile ekusetyenzisweni kwezorhwebo/kwimizi-mveliso. |
Imizimba yevalvu inokusebenzisa ubhedu olungenalothe, intsimbi engatyiwa, okanye iiplastiki eziyimbumba. Amatywina ahlala ebonisa i-NBR (i-Nitrile Buna Rubber) yolwelo olungathathi hlangothi okanye i-EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Izinto eziqinisekisiweyo ezifana ne-PVC kunye ne-polyurethane zinconywa kwi-hoses kunye ne-couplings, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina.
Ukuhambelana kwezinto kunye nokuqina
Ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuthembeka kokufakwa kwevalve. Ubhedu kunye nensimbi engenasici zibonelela ngamandla omatshini aphezulu, kodwa ukukhetha okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwimiba yokubola. I-Dezincification-resistant brass imelana nokugqwala kwaye igcina amandla, ngelixa insimbi engenasici inika ukuchasana okugqwesileyo ngaphandle kweendawo eziphezulu ze-chloride, apho i-pitting ingenzeka khona. Iiplastiki ezifana ne-PTFE zihambisa uxhathiso lweekhemikhali ezibalaseleyo kwaye zithintele ukuthotywa.
Ukufakwa kweValve kuvavanywa ngokungqongqo phantsi kwesatifikethi se-WRAS, kubandakanya novavanyo lweemvakalelo, iimvavanyo zokukhula kwe-microbial, kunye nohlalutyo lokutsalwa kwesinyithi. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani, ziqinisekisa ukuba imathiriyeli ayichaphazeli kakubi umgangatho wamanzi okanye ukuqina kwenkqubo. Amaqabane e-OEM axhasa abavelisi abanobuchule bobugcisa, enceda ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso kumjikelo wonke wobomi.
Qaphela: Uyilo lweHybrid oludibanisa isinyithi kunye neeplastiki lwenza ukuqina nokusebenza kakuhle. Hlala uqwalasela i-chemistry yamanzi kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo xa ukhetha izinto.
Ukufakela, uLondolozo, kunye noThintelo loMhlwa
Ufakelo olululo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwandiswe ubomi bokufakelwa kweevalvu kwaye kuthintele ukubola. Ukuhlola rhoqo kunceda ukufumanisa iimpawu zokuqala zokuguga, ukugqwala, okanye ukugoba. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokutshintsha kwemibala kunye nokuvuza okujikeleze amatywina kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Iindlela zokucoca ziquka ukuxukuxa ngoomatshini, iiarhente zeekhemikhali ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nokugungxulwa ngamanzi okanye izinyibilikisi.
Abanini-zithuthi basebenzisa izigqubuthelo zokhuselo ukukhusela iivalvu kwimozulu embi. Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo olufana nolawulo lokufuma kunye nokugqunywa kobushushu bobushushu kunciphisa ngakumbi umngcipheko wokuhlwa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-corrosion inhibitors-i-anodic, i-cathodic, i-mixed, okanye i-volatile-ikhusela i-valve ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokusebenza. Unyango olungaphezulu olufana ne-epoxy, i-PTFE, i-polyamide, kunye ne-polyurethane yokwaleka konyusa ukuxhathisa ukudleka.
- Uhlolo lwesiqhelo lokubona umhlwa, ukuguga, kunye nokuvuza
- Ukucoca kunye nokugungxulwa ukususa iidiphozithi
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezigqubuthelo zokhuselo kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-corrosion inhibitors kunye neengubo ezingaphezulu
Umngcipheko wokubola uyenyuka ngamazinga asezantsi okuhamba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto eziqinileyo zizinze kwaye zidale iintanda. Amazinga aphezulu okuhamba angakhokelela kukhukuliseko kunye ne-cavitation. Iingubo zeCeramic kunye neengubo ze-polyurethane ziphucula ukuchasana nale miphumo. Ukugcinwa kothintelo kunye nokujongwa kwemeko kuhlala kubalulekile ekwandiseni ivalve kunye nobomi bompompo kwiinkqubo zamanzi okusela.
Izifakelo zevalvu eziqinisekisiweyo, ezingenalothe, ezivuzayo zikhusela impilo yoluntu, zixhasa ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kwaye zinikezela ngexabiso lexesha elide.
| Inzuzo | Impembelelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Uvavanyo olubanzi luqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. |
| Ukhuseleko lwamanzi | Izinto ezingeyotyhefu, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa zithintela umngcipheko wosulelo. |
| Ukuzithemba kwabathengi | Isiqinisekiso sakha ukuthembela kubaboneleli bamanzi kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. |
FAQ
Ithetha ukuthini imvume ye-WRAS kufakelo lwevalvu?
Imvume ye-WRAS iqinisekisa ukuba izifakelo zevalvu ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamanzi yase-UK. Basebenzisa izinto ezingeyotyhefu kwaye bavavanywa ngokuqatha. Ababoneleli bamanzi bathemba iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ze-WRAS zokuthotyelwa.
Ingcebiso: Soloko ujonge isiqinisekiso se-WRAS phambi kofakelo.
Zeziphi izinto eziqinisekisa ukufakwa kweevalvu ezingenalo ilothe?
Abavelisi basebenzisa ubhedu lwe-DZR, isinyithi esingenasici, kunye neeplastiki eziqinisekisiweyo. Ezi zixhobo zixhathisa ukubola kwaye azifaki izinto ezinobungozi. Baxhasa ukhuseleko lwamanzi ixesha elide.
- DZR ubhedu
- Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
- Iiplastiki zePVC kunye nePTFE
Kufuneka abasebenzi bahlole kangaphi izifakelo zevalvu?
Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bahlole izifakelo zevalvu rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunceda ukufumanisa ukuvuza, ukubola, kunye nokuguga. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kuthintela ungcoliseko kwaye kwandise ubomi benkqubo.
| Ukuphindaphinda koHlolo | Isenzo esiCetyisiweyo |
|---|---|
| Rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 | Ukukhangela okubonakalayo kokuvuza |
| Ngonyaka | Ukucoca kunye nokusebenza kovavanyo |
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-13-2025