Intshayelelo
Ukukhetha umthengisi wee-GI pipe fittings ezithembekileyo kuchaphazela okungaphezulu kakhulu kunexabiso leyunithi: kubonakalisa ukuqina kwenkqubo, ukusebenza kakuhle kofakelo, ukhuseleko, kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide. Kwimigca yemizi-mveliso kunye neenethiwekhi zepayipi ngokufanayo, umgangatho womthengisi unefuthe ekuchanekeni kwentambo, ukuhambelana kwe-galvanization, ukuthobela imigangatho, kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa ii-fittings ezifanelekileyo ngexesha. Eli nqaku lichaza iikhrayitheriya ezisebenzayo zokuthelekisa ababoneleli, ukusuka kumgangatho wezinto kunye neziqinisekiso ukuya kumandla emveliso, amaxesha okukhokela, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa. Ekugqibeleni, uya kuba ulungele ngakumbi ukuchonga umthengisi ohambelana noxinzelelo lweprojekthi yakho, imeko-bume, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba ungene kuvavanyo oluneenkcukacha.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba umthengisi wezixhobo zombhobho we-GI afaneleke
Izixhobo zombhobho wentsimbi egayiweyo (GI) zisebenza njengezicubu ezibalulekileyo ezidityanisiweyo kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zemibhobho yemizi-mveliso, yezorhwebo, neyezindlu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zilawula ukuhamba kwecala, ulawulo loxinzelelo, kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo seenkqubo zothutho lolwelo kunye negesi, ukukhetha umthengisi onobuchule obuphezulu kungaphezulu kakhulu komsebenzi wesiqhelo wokuthenga.
Umgangatho wezixhobo zokufakelwa ulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kombhobho wonke. Xa befumana ezi zinto, iingcali zokuthenga kufuneka ziqaphele ukuba umthengisiizakhono zokuvelisa, ulawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho, kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto ekugqibeleni kuchazwa impumelelo yokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lofakelo.
Indlela ukhetho lwababoneleli oluchaphazela ngayo iziphumo zeprojekthi
Ulwalamano phakathi kwamandla omthengisi kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi luthe ngqo kwaye lunokulinganiswa. Xa umthengisi elandela imigangatho engqongqo yesinyithi, izixhobo ezivelayo ziqinisekisa inethiwekhi engenamanzi enokukwazi ukufikelela kubomi bokusebenza beminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-50, kuxhomekeke kwimeko-bume. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuthenga kumvelisi oneenkqubo zokuphosa ezingahambelaniyo okanye ukusetyenziswa okunganelanga kwe-zinc kuzisa ubuthathaka obukhulu.
Ukuchaneka okungalunganga kokufaka imisonto kunokubangela ukwehla koxinzelelo kwangoko kunye nokuvuza okuncinci ngexesha lokufakwa kwemishini, ngelixa ukufakwa kwe-galvanization engaphantsi komgangatho kunokubangela ukugqwala kwendawo ngaphakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Oku kusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha kwandisa iindleko zabasebenzi, kunyanzelisa amaxesha okungasebenzi kwenkqubo angacwangciswanga, kwaye kunyuse iindleko zizonke zobunini ngaphaya kwayo nayiphi na imali eyongiweyo yokuqala yokuthenga.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeprojekthi ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kwababoneleli
Nangona zonke izinto ezifakelwayo zifuna ukuthembeka okusisiseko, iindidi ezithile zeprojekthi zibeka iimfuno ezinzima ezinokuhlangatyezwa ngababoneleli abaphezulu kuphela. Izicelo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, ezifana nezityalo zokucubungula iikhemikhali okanye imigca yomphunga enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, zifuna ngokungqongqo izinto ezifakelwayo ezilinganiswe kwiKlasi 300 (300 lbs) endaweni yeKlasi 150 eqhelekileyo. Ezi ndawo zibeka izinto ezifakelwayo kwi-cycling yobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini.
Ngokufanayo, iinethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwamanzi zikamasipala kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu ze-HVAC zorhwebo zifuna ukunyamezelana okungqongqo kakhulu ukuthintela ukulahleka okukhulu kolwelo kwiimayile zemibhobho. Kule meko inzima, abathengi kufuneka basebenzisane nababoneleli abakwaziyo ukubonelela ngokulandelela okupheleleyo, ukuchaneka okulinganayo, kunye nokuqina koxinzelelo olunokungqinisiseka.
Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili zovavanyo lobugcisa norhwebo
Ukuvavanya umthengisi wezixhobo zokufaka iipayipi ze-GI kufuna indlela ephindwe kabini, ukulinganisela iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezingqongqo kunye neenyani zorhwebo ezisebenzayo. Amaqela okuthenga kufuneka ajonge ngaphaya kokuthengisa okusemgangathweni ukuze ahlolisise izixhobo ezisisiseko kunye nezicwangciso-nkqubo zemali ezilawula intengiselwano.
Uvavanyo olupheleleyo luqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi okhethiweyo akanakukwazi ukubonelela kungekuphela nje ngemveliso ebonakalayo efunekayo kodwa kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho okufunekayo ukuxhasa iimfuno zeprojekthi zexesha elide.
Zeziphi iinkcukacha, izixhobo, kunye neengubo onokuzithelekisa
Uvavanyo lobuchwephesha kufuneka luqale nge-core metallurgy kunye ne-protective coating. Ii-GI fittings ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zihlala zenziwe ngentsimbi ethambileyo ehambelana ne-ASTM A197 okanye imigangatho efanayo yehlabathi, ukuqinisekisa amandla okuxinana afunekayo kunye nokuqina. Inkqubo ye-galvanization ngokwayo iyinto ebalulekileyo yokwahlulahlula.
I-hot-dip galvanizing yindlela eqhelekileyo yoshishino yokuqina, efuna ubuncinci be-zinc coating ubukhulu be-70 ukuya kwi-85 micrometers (µm) ukubonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwe-cathodic kwi-rust. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise nemigangatho yemisonto—efana ne-NPT (National Pipe Thread) kwiimarike zaseMntla Melika okanye i-BSPT (British Standard Pipe Taper) kwiimarike zaseYurophu nase-Asia—ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye neempahla ezikhoyo zemibhobho.
| Indlela yokudibanisa i-Galvanization | Ubuncinci bokuGcoba (µm) | Ixesha Elilindelekileyo Lobomi (Iimeko Eziqhelekileyo) | Ixabiso elimalunga nesiseko |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Electro-Galvanized (Ebandayo) | 10 – 15 µm | Iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 | Isiseko (Ixabiso eliphantsi) |
| I-Hot-Dip eyenziwe ngesinyithi | 70 – 85 µm | Iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-50 nangaphezulu | +15% ukuya ku +25% |
| I-Hot-Dip ene-Epoxy-Coated | > 100 µm | Iminyaka engama-50+ (Iimeko Ezinzima) | +40% ukuya ku +60% |
Indlela yokuvavanya amaxabiso, i-MOQ, kunye nemigaqo yokuhlawula
Kwicala lezorhwebo, abathengi kufuneka bahlole ubuNinzi beMinimum Order (MOQs), izakhiwo zamaxabiso, kunye nemigaqo yokuhlawula ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuhamba kwemali kwiprojekthi kunye nomthamo wempahla. Ababoneleli ngqo kwifektri badla ngokunyanzelisa ii-MOQs eziqala kwi-metric tons enye ukuya kwezintlanu nge-odolo nganye, okanye badla ngokuyalela isikhongozeli sokuhambisa esingangeenyawo ezingama-20 njengomthamo ophantsi ofanelekileyo wokuthumela amaxabiso ngaphandle.
Nangona amaxabiso aphantsi eeyunithi enomtsalane, kufuneka alinganiswe neendleko zemali ebotshelelwe kwimpahla. Imigaqo yokuhlawula yamazwe ngamazwe eqhelekileyo idla ngokubandakanya idiphozithi yangaphambili ye-30% T/T (Telegraphic Transfer), kunye ne-70% eseleyo ehlawulwa ngokuchasene nekopi yeBill of Lading (B/L). Nangona kunjalo, kwiikhontrakthi ezinkulu kakhulu okanye eziphindaphindayo, abathengi kufuneka bathethe ngeeLeta zeTyala (L/C) ngokubona kwabo ukuze banciphise umngcipheko wezemali.
Indlela yokuthelekisa ababoneleli rhoqo
Ukuze baqonde ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo ngendlela echanekileyo, iingcali zokuthenga kufuneka zisebenzise imatriki yovavanyo lomthengisi elinganisiweyo. Le matriki inika ixabiso elithile lepesenti kukuthobela imithetho yobuchwepheshe, ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso, uzinzo lwezemali, kunye namaxesha okukhokela.
Ngokunika amanqaku kumthengisi ngamnye onokubakho ngokuchasene nerubriki eqhelekileyo, abathengi banokuphelisa ucalucalulo olukhoyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umthengisi onikezela ngexabiso eliphakamileyo kancinci kodwa ubukhulu obuphezulu kakhulu bengubo kunye nemigaqo yokuhlawula efanelekileyo idlula ngokufanelekileyo umthengisi okhuphisana kuphela ngamaxabiso aqatha, asezantsi.
Indlela yokuvavanya umgangatho, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuveliswa
Ubuchule bomthengisi bokubonelela ngezinto rhoqoizixhobo zombhobho we-GI ezikumgangatho ophezuluinxulunyaniswa ngokungenakwahlulwa kwiindlela zabo zokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye noqeqesho lokuvelisa. Ukuvavanya ezi zinto zokusebenza kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokufumana ukuthunyelwa okuzele ziziphene zokwenziwa okanye ubungakanani obungathobeliyo.
Ngaphandle kokujongwa ngokungqongqo kwinqanaba lefektri, abathengi babeka iiprojekthi zabo kumanqanaba angamkelekanga okuguquguquka kwezinto kunye noxanduva lwesakhiwo.
Yeyiphi imigangatho, iziqinisekiso, kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezibalulekileyo
Ubukho beziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezaziwayo luluhlu lokuqala lovavanyo lomgangatho. Ababoneleli abathembekileyo basebenza phantsi kweenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho eziqinisekisiweyo yi-ISO 9001 kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa ezihambelana nemigangatho yemveliso eqinileyo efana ne-EN 10242 okanye i-ASME B16.3. Ukuthobela le migangatho kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokwakheka okuchanekileyo kwesinyithi kunye nobukhulu obuchanekileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, iingxelo zovavanyo azixoxiswana. Abathengi kufuneka bacele amaxwebhu ovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zivavanywe ngokwahlukeneyo kuxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-300 psi (malunga ne-2.0 MPa) ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuvuleka okanye ukuvuza. Iziqinisekiso zokwambathisa i-zinc, ezifana nokuthobela i-RoHS kwizinto ezithintelweyo okanye ukuvunywa kwamanzi okusela athile engingqini (njenge-WRAS okanye i-NSF/ANSI 61), nazo ziyimfuneko kwizicelo zombhobho.
Indlela yokuphonononga uphicotho-zincwadi lwefektri, iisampulu, kunye nokulandeleka
Ngaphaya kweziqinisekiso zephepha, abathengi kufuneka bahlolisise imeko yokwenziwa kwemveliso ngokuhlolwa kwefektri, nokuba kwenziwa ubuso ngobuso okanye ngeearhente zamaqela esithathu ezithembekileyo ezifana ne-SGS okanye i-TÜV. Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kuhlole imeko yee-ovens zokuphosa, ukwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo koomatshini bokufaka imisonto, kunye nokulinganiswa kwezixhobo zokuhlola.
Ukuthatha iisampulu yenye inyathelo elibalulekileyo; abathengi kufuneka bacele iisampulu zemveliso engacwangciswanga endaweni yeesampulu zegolide ezikhethiweyo kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka komsonto, ukuhambelana kobunzima, kunye nokufana kwengubo. Ukongeza, ukulandeleka luphawu lweimveliso ephezuluUmthengisi kufuneka akwazi ukulandelela yonke ibhetshi yee-fittings ukuya kwinani layo lokuqala lobushushu kunye neNgxelo yoVavanyo lweMpahla (i-MTR), ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuba izinga lesiphene lidlula umda weshishini we-0.5%, unobangela unokwahlulwa kwaye ulungiswe ngoko nangoko.
Izinto ezifumanekayo, ezothutho, kunye neenkonzo
Kwanezixhobo zombhobho ze-GI ezikumgangatho ophezulu azincedi kangako ukuba zifika zonakele, zifike emva kwexesha, okanye zixakeke kwimiba yokuthobela imithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle. Iziseko zophuhliso lomthengisi kunye nokuzibophelela kwinkonzo yabathengi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuthembekeni kwazo ngokubanzi.
Inkqubo yokubonelela ngezinto elungelelanisiweyo iqinisekisa ukuba iishedyuli zokwakha ziyagcinwa kwaye iindleko ezingathanga ngqo ezinxulumene nomonakalo wokuhamba okanye ukulibaziseka kwerhafu ziyancitshiswa.
Indlela ukuhanjiswa, ukupakisha, kunye nokukwazi ukuthumela ngaphandle okuchaphazela ngayo ukuthembeka
Uhambo oluvela kwindawo yokuseka izinto ukuya kwindawo yeprojekthi luzaliswe ziingozi ezinokubakho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukupakisha okuqinileyo kunye nokuphathwa kobuchwephesha bokuthumela ngaphandle kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukupakisha okuqhelekileyo kokuthumela ngaphandle kwezinto ze-GI fittings kudla ngokubandakanya iiplastiki zangaphakathi okanye iingxowa ezilukiweyo ezimbini ezipakishwe kwiibhokisi zepallet zokhuni eziqinileyo nezifuthayo. Le ndlela ineeleya ezininzi ithintela ukungena komswakama kunye nomonakalo obonakalayo ngexesha lokuhamba kolwandle.
Ngaphezu koko, abathengi kufuneka bavavanye amaxesha okunikezelwa kwempahla ngumthengisi kunye nomthamo wokuthumela impahla ngaphandle. Umenzi onobuchule kufuneka azalise rhoqo iiodolo zesikhongozeli se-High Cube (40HQ) esingangeenyawo ezingama-40 ngaphakathi kwefestile yemveliso yeentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-45. Ababoneleli abanobudlelwane obuzinzileyo nabathumeli bempahla kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kwamaxwebhu eerhafu kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weendleko ezibizayo zokunciphisa iindleko kwizibuko eliya kulo.
| Umgangatho wokuPakisha | Uqwalaselo | Ukhuseleko lokufuma | Eyona Ifanelekileyo Kuyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iibhokisi ezisemgangathweni | Iibhokisi zekhonkrithi kwiipalethi eziqhelekileyo | Iphantsi | Ukuhamba kwasekhaya, indawo yokugcina izinto ixesha elifutshane |
| Iingxowa ezilukiweyo kwiiKreyithi | Iingxowa ezilukiweyo ngepoly ngaphakathi kwiikreyithi zomthi | Phakathi | Uthutho oluqhelekileyo lwe-LCL/FCL elwandle |
| Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwePremium | Iingxowa ezivaliweyo nge-vacuum, iibhokisi ezinzima ezifunxwe ngumoya | Phezulu | Iindawo zokuhamba ezihlala ixesha elide nezinomswakama |
Zeziphi iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye neendlela zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa omele uzilindele
Unxibelelwano oluphendulayo kunye nenkxaso ecwangcisiweyo emva kokuthengisa yahlula abathengisi bentengiselwano kumaqabane anobuchule. Ngenxa yobunzima bomahluko kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nolwahluko lwexesha, abathengi kufuneka balindele inkqubo yonxibelelwano eqinisekisa iimpendulo kwimibuzo yobugcisa okanye uhlaziyo lwee-odolo kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Iindlela zokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa ziyafana; umthengisi othembekileyo uya kuyichaza ngokucacileyo imiqathango yewaranti yakhe, edla ngokunika isiqinisekiso seenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 ngokuchasene neziphene zokwenza imveliso. Ngaphezu koko, baya kuba nenkqubo yokulungisa ebhaliweyo yokusingatha amabango, benikezela ngokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza okanye amanqaku etyala ngaphandle kokunyanzela umthengi ukuba angene kwiingxoxo ezinde nezinobutshaba.
Yintoni ekufuneka abathengi bayilandele kwinkqubo yokukhetha abathengisi
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ezi zibonelelo zokulungiselela kunye neenkonzo, abathengi kufuneka baqhube inkqubo yokukhetha ngokwezigaba. Oku kuqala ngeSicelo soLwazi (RFI) ukucoca ababoneleli ngokusekelwe kumthamo kunye neziqinisekiso, kulandele iSicelo seNgqikelelo (RFQ) esineenkcukacha ezichaza ngokucacileyo iimfuno zokupakisha, ii-Incoterms (umz., i-FOB, i-CIF, okanye i-DDP), kunye neeshedyuli zokuhanjiswa.
Isigaba sokugqibela kufuneka sibandakanye i-odolo yovavanyo—ngesiqhelo i-pallet exutyiweyo okanye ukuthunyelwa kwe-Less than Container Load (LCL)—okuvumela umthengi ukuba ahlole ukusebenza komthengisi, ukucaca konxibelelwano, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani ngaphambi kokuba azibophelele kwizivumelwano eziphezulu.
Indlela yokwenza isigqibo sokugqibela somthengisi
Isiphelo senkqubo yokuthenga kukukhethwa kokugqibela kwababoneleli, isigqibo esiya kuba nefuthe kwixesha leprojekthi, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kunye nokuthembeka kweziseko zophuhliso zexesha elide. Ukwenza olu khetho kufuna ukudibanisa yonke idatha yobugcisa, yorhwebo, kunye neyokusebenza ibe yisicwangciso esidibeneyo.
Isiphumo sokuthenga esiphumeleleyo asigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa izinto ezithile; siseka ijelo lokubonelela eliqinileyo elixhasa ngenkuthalo iinjongo zokusebenza kweshishini ngokubanzi.
Xa umthengisi onexabiso eliphantsi ekhetha ngendlela engalunganga
Enye yezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo neziyingozi ekuthengweni kwemizi-mveliso kukungahlawuli ixabiso eliphantsi. Nangona ukunciphisa iindleko zeyunithi nge-10% ukuya kwi-15% kwangaphambili kunokubonakala kuluncedo kwispredishithi, kuhlala kufihla ukusilela okukhulu komgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, ubukhulu be-zinc coating, okanye ulawulo lomgangatho.
Ukukhetha umthengisi onexabiso eliphantsi kudla ngokukhokelela kuqoqosho olungelulo; ukonga kokuqala kupheliswa ngokukhawuleza ziindleko ezinxulumene nokulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa, amazinga aphezulu okulahlwa kwindawo, kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo ngaphambi kwexesha. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ukufakwa okungabizi kakhulu kodwa okungaphantsi komgangatho kunokukhokelela ekuvuthweni okukhulu, okubangela ukunyuka kwama-300% okanye ngaphezulu kweendleko zokugcinwa komjikelo wobomi kwixesha leminyaka emihlanu, kunye noxanduva olunokubakho lomonakalo wamanzi okanye weekhemikhali.
Indlela yokulinganisela ukufaneleka kobugcisa, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nexabiso lilonke
Isigqibo esifanelekileyo sixhomekeke ekubaleni iTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO) kunye nokulinganisela ukulingana kobugcisa kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo. Abathengi kufuneka balinganise ukunamathela komthengisi kwimigangatho eqinileyo yesinyithi kunye neziqinisekiso zokuthobela imithetho ngokuthelekisa amaxabiso abo kunye nokuthembeka kwempahla.
Umthengisi onikezela ngokuchaneka okulinganayo, i-85 µm hot-dip galvanization eqinisekisiweyo, kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuhanjiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ibonelela ngexabiso elikhulu lobuchule, nokuba baxabisa iprimiyamu encinci. Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukwakha ubudlelwane nomenzi onobuchule bokusebenza obuhambelana ngokungenamthungo neprofayili ethile yomngcipheko kunye neemfuno zobomi beprojekthi, ukuqinisekisa isiseko esizinzileyo nesingenamanzi amdaka amashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Izigqibo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nesizathu somthengisi wezixhobo zombhobho we-gi
- Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
- Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yintoni ekufuneka ndiyijonge kuqala kumthengisi wezixhobo zokufaka iipayipi ze-GI?
Qala ngezinto ezisemgangathweni nezingqinwayo: i-ASTM A197 okanye into efanayo, i-hot-dip galvanizing, kunye nezatifikethi ezisebenzayo. Qinisekisa nokuba umthengisi angahlangabezana nomgangatho wakho woxinzelelo kunye nomgangatho wentambo.
Ndingawuqinisekisa njani umgangatho wemveliso yomthengisi ngaphambi kokuba ndi-odole?
Cela iingxelo zovavanyo, idatha yokugquma i-zinc, iirekhodi zokuhlolwa kwemisonto, kunye neziqinisekiso zefektri. Kwi-nbfh-metal.com, jonga amaphepha otyelelo lwefektri kunye neesatifikethi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha zokwenziwa kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.
Zeziphi iinkcukacha zokufaneleka kwe-GI ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhambelaneni kweprojekthi?
Jonga umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, uhlobo lomsonto, ubungakanani bokulingana, izinto ezisisiseko, kunye nobukhulu bokugquma. Hlanganisa imisonto ye-NPT okanye ye-BSPT nenkqubo yakho ekhoyo ukuze uphephe ukuvuza kunye nokuphinda usebenze.
Ngaba i-hot-dip galvanized ingcono kune-electro-galvanized fittings?
Ewe kwiindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa imibhobho yemizi-mveliso kunye neyokuhlala ixesha elide. Iingubo zokuntywila ezishushu zijiyile kakhulu kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lukhetho olungcono lokumelana nokugqwala kunye neendleko eziphantsi zobomi bonke.
Ngawaphi amagama ezorhwebo endifanele ndiwaqinisekise kumthengisi wezixhobo zokufaka iipayipi ze-GI?
Qinisekisa i-MOQ, ixesha lokuhanjiswa, ukupakisha ngaphandle, imiqathango yokuhlawula, kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zokufika. Kwii-odolo ezithe ngqo ezivela kwifektri, buza nokuba amaxabiso afuna ubuncinci betoni okanye isitya esipheleleyo seenyawo ezingama-20.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-07-2026